Rather romantically coined, the word for this condition derives from the Greek 'kleistos' or closed, and 'gamos', marriage. It is a fascinating survival technique for plants that find themselves in less than ideal conditions. Long term effect on the gene pool aside, it ensures that seed is produced, and another generation of plants launched. Viola species (violets) aren't the only plants that have adopted this strategy, just one of the most recognizable.

A recent article in the February issue of the English publication, "Gardens Illustrated" offers an answer to the question of what to do to encourage flowers to open. In a piece about Clive Groves, national collection holder of Viola odorata and Parma violets, Groves advises more sun. Too often we consider violets shade plants. As it turns out, although dappled shade is their preferred situation, planting them where they will be exposed to winter sun when leaves have fallen encourages flower production and extension of the peduncle, or flower stem, so that flowers are held clear of the foliage.

It's possible the same advice will apply to other cleistogamous plants, so if you're finding yourself flowerless, but with a little extra seed on your hands....let the sun shine!  

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Copyright  2006- 2007 by Carlo A. Balistrieri.
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